https://yezur.xyz/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Dictionary%3AAbout_GailleanDictionary:About Gaillean - Revision history2026-08-28T21:43:27ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.9https://yezur.xyz/w/index.php?title=Dictionary:About_Gaillean&diff=7406&oldid=prevThiorosan: Practice page for Gaillean: orthography, allophony, and the six noun declensions2026-08-18T14:25:34Z<p>Practice page for Gaillean: orthography, allophony, and the six noun declensions</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>This page documents the dictionary's practice for '''Gaillean''' (''Ghaellea'', code ''YAQ-GA''), an ancient language of the [[Herta-Olaic]] family. It is the source language for scientific binomials, and the ancestor of [[Middle Airananwe language|Middle Airananwe]] and so of the modern trade language.<br />
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== Entry conventions ==<br />
* Entries live at their Gaillean spellings. Pronunciations are given as estimated IPA.<br />
* Nouns carry their class in the headword line and a declension table ({{tl|YAQ-GA-decl}}).<br />
* Where a Proto-Herta-Olaic etymon is known, the etymology names it; the proto entry names the Gaillean reflex in return.<br />
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== Orthography ==<br />
Digraphs: ''bh'' /b͡β/ · ''gh'' /g͡ɣ/ · ''ph'' /p͡ɸ/ · ''th'' /c/ · ''zh'' /ʒ/ · ''zw'' /ʃʷ/ · ''ll'' /ʎ/ · ''mp'' /ᵐp/ · ''mb'' /ᵐb/ · ''ae'' /aɪ/ · ''oe'' /oʊ/ · ''ei'' /eː/ · ''eu'' /y/ · ''ao'' /ɶ/ · ''ou'' /ɯə/.<br />
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Single letters take their expected values, with these particulars: ''a'' is long /aː/, ''e'' is /ɛ/, ''o'' is /ɒ/, ''c'' is the aspirated affricate /t͡sʰ/, ''h'' is /x/, ''q'' is /kʲ/ (/kʷ/ before a vowel), ''r'' is /ɹ/, ''v'' is /β/, ''x'' is /kʃ/.<br />
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Short vowels, schwa and the palatal nasal are allophonic: they appear by rule rather than being written.<br />
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== Nouns ==<br />
Gaillean nouns fall into six declensions, named for the shape of the nominative singular. The class is a stem-class — it can be read off the ending of the citation form — and it carries a gender.<br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
! class !! gender !! nom. sg. !! nouns<br />
|-<br />
| F || feminine || ''-a'' || 95<br />
|-<br />
| M1 || masculine || ''-e'' || 77<br />
|-<br />
| M2 || masculine || ''-at'' || 31<br />
|-<br />
| N1 || neuter || ''-uz'' || 46<br />
|-<br />
| N2 || neuter || ''-u'' || 25<br />
|-<br />
| MX, FX, NX || masculine, feminine, neuter || irregular || 41<br />
|}<br />
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Five cases are distinguished — nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative — in singular and plural. The paradigms:<br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
! !! colspan="2" | F (''-a'') !! colspan="2" | M1 (''-e'') !! colspan="2" | M2 (''-at'') !! colspan="2" | N1 (''-uz'') !! colspan="2" | N2 (''-u'')<br />
|-<br />
! !! sg !! pl !! sg !! pl !! sg !! pl !! sg !! pl !! sg !! pl<br />
|-<br />
! NOM<br />
| -a || -ar || -e || -o || -at || -o || -uz || -ia || -u || -ur<br />
|-<br />
! GEN<br />
| -an || -aori || -in || -ori || -ant || -ori || -uzn || -iari || -un || -uri<br />
|-<br />
! DAT<br />
| -ae || -uz || -i || -uz || -i || -on || -i || -ibhi || -i || -uri<br />
|-<br />
! ACC<br />
| -as || -ax || -ez || -orz || -ats || -ae || -uz || -ia || -u || -ur<br />
|-<br />
! VOC<br />
| -a || -a || — || -or || -a || -o || -u || -i || -u || -ur<br />
|}<br />
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The irregular classes decline from a separate stem in ''-r'', which is not predictable from the citation form and must be given for each noun; their endings are ''-un'', ''-i'', ''-as'', ''-i'' in the singular and ''-er'', ''-tri'', ''-z'', ''-ter'', ''-ia'' in the plural. Their tables are not yet built.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Dictionary:About Middle Airananwe]] — the medieval stage<br />
* [[Gaillean language]]</div>Thiorosan