https://yezur.xyz/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Dictionary%3AAbout_Proto-Unterian 2026-08-28T20:52:36Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.9 https://yezur.xyz/w/index.php?title=Dictionary:About_Proto-Unterian&diff=2794&oldid=prev 2026-08-04T10:06:04Z

<p>Branch proto grammar-notes: sound laws from Proto-Andusian, resulting phonology (operator-approved)</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>This page documents the dictionary&#039;s practice for &#039;&#039;&#039;Proto-Unterian&#039;&#039;&#039; (code &#039;&#039;YCP-XC&#039;&#039;), the reconstructed ancestor of the Unterian branch of the [[Andusian]] family, native to [[Unteria]] and the adjacent southeastern seaboard. Like [[Dictionary:About Proto-Andusian|Proto-Andusian]] itself, it is a reconstruction: entries live at plain phonemic titles, the leading * is supplied automatically, and entries are created as etymologies come to cite them rather than in bulk.<br /> <br /> == Development from Proto-Andusian ==<br /> The laws below apply in order; forms cited are Proto-Andusian on the left of the arrow.<br /> <br /> # &#039;&#039;&#039;Sonorization.&#039;&#039;&#039; The breathy stops melted into sonorants: *bʰ &gt; &#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;, *dʰ &gt; &#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;: &#039;&#039;*bʰek&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;weki&#039;&#039; “woman”; &#039;&#039;*dʰes&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;resi&#039;&#039; “go” (final vowels by law 5).<br /> # &#039;&#039;&#039;Simplification of the marked series.&#039;&#039;&#039; *kp, *gb &gt; &#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;; *ᵐb, *ᵑg &gt; &#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039; — except word-finally, where they released with an echo vowel: *-ᵐb &gt; &#039;&#039;-mu&#039;&#039;, *-ᵑg &gt; &#039;&#039;-ŋu&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;*muᵐb&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;mumu&#039;&#039; “snow” beside &#039;&#039;*mum&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;mumi&#039;&#039; “scratch”; &#039;&#039;*ciᵐb&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;simu&#039;&#039; “tree” beside &#039;&#039;*sim&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;simi&#039;&#039; “wood”). *q &gt; &#039;&#039;ʔ&#039;&#039;; *ɢ &gt; &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;; *ts, *dz &gt; &#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;: &#039;&#039;*kpam&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;pami&#039;&#039; “canoe”; &#039;&#039;*qɛ&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;ʔɛ&#039;&#039; “sit”; &#039;&#039;*dziq&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;ziʔi&#039;&#039; “small”.<br /> # &#039;&#039;&#039;Palatal resolution.&#039;&#039;&#039; *c &gt; &#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;, *ɲ &gt; &#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;, *ɟ &gt; &#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039; — Unterian thereby acquires the plain &#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039; that Proto-Andusian famously lacked, completing a full &#039;&#039;m n ŋ&#039;&#039; series: &#039;&#039;*ɲehits&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;nehisi&#039;&#039; “warm”.<br /> # &#039;&#039;&#039;Coda dissolution.&#039;&#039;&#039; Obstruents were lost before another consonant: &#039;&#039;*ritskos&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;rikosi&#039;&#039; “bird”; &#039;&#039;*kpetme&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;peme&#039;&#039; “neck”; &#039;&#039;*izvo&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;ivo&#039;&#039; “salt”.<br /> # &#039;&#039;&#039;Open-syllable drift.&#039;&#039;&#039; Words ending in a consonant took a final &#039;&#039;-i&#039;&#039;: &#039;&#039;*vutme&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;vume&#039;&#039; “name”; &#039;&#039;*saŋ&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;saŋi&#039;&#039; “sun”; &#039;&#039;*qodʰ&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;ʔori&#039;&#039; “we”.<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> The most restructured branch consonantally and the most conservative vocalically: all seven vowel qualities and the vowel sequences survive (&#039;&#039;*ᵑgao&#039;&#039; &gt; &#039;&#039;ŋao&#039;&#039; “louse”), while the consonant inventory reduces to &#039;&#039;p t k b d g ʔ f v s z x ɣ h m n ŋ r l w j&#039;&#039;. Syllables drift strongly open. Every uniquely Unterian &#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;, or &#039;&#039;ʔ&#039;&#039; is diagnostic: an innovation of this branch.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Dictionary:About Proto-Andusian]]<br /> * [[Andusian]]</div>

Thiorosan